Risk factors in school myopia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70313/2718.7446.v16.n01.208Keywords:
myopia, risk factors, family history, outdoor, readingAbstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate myopia and its risk factors in pediatric patients.
Methods: This was an observational study of risk factors for school myopia in children examined in the city of La Plata, Argentina. Refraction was performed under cycloplegia in a group of myopic children and in a group of normal controls. The accompanying adult was given a questionnaire with questions on family history, hours of weekly exposure to outdoor environments and daily hours of near work and/or screens.
Results: A total of 166 patients with a mean age of 8.6 ± 2.9 years were studied, of whom 94 (56.6%) were girls. The sample had 97 myopic children (58.4%) and 69 non-myopic children (41.6%). The spherical equivalent was similar in both eyes, being -1.64 ± 1.16 dioptres in the right eye of myopic children and +0.83 ± 0.27 dioptres in non-myopic children. There were significant differences in history as only 26.1% of the controls had a parental history of myopia and 64.6% of the myopic children did (p<0.001). There were also significant differences in the number of hours spent outdoors by children in both groups (p<0.01) but not in the number of hours per day spent using a mobile phone (p=0.75).
Conclusions: In this sample of ophthalmopediatric patients in our environment, same modifiable risk factors described in the literature can be seen, making myopia prevention possible.
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