Impact of antiglaucomatous formulations on cell viability
an in vitro study in human corneal epithelial cells
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70313/2718.7446.v18.n4.463Palavras-chave:
glaucoma, citotoxicidade, latanoprost, cloreto de benzalcônio, córneaResumo
Objective
To evaluate the cytotoxicity of commercially available antiglaucoma formulations in human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC).
Methods
An exploratory experimental design study was developed. HCEC were exposed for 30 minutes to commercially available formulations containing different active ingredients: prostaglandin analogues, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, an α2-adrenergic agonist, and a β-blocker. All formulations contained benzalkonium chloride (BAK), except for the latanoprost nanoemulsion, which is preserved with potassium sorbate. Cell viability was assessed using resazurin reduction. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post-hoc test (p<0.05).
Results
All formulations containing BAK showed greater toxicity compared to PBS (p<0.001). Latanoprost 0.005% (BAK 0.02%), bimatoprost 0.01% (BAK 0.02%), brinzolamide 1% (BAK 0.01%) and timolol 0.5% (BAK 0.01%), showed significantly greater toxicity than BAK 0.01% (p<0.05). In contrast, the formulations of dorzolamide 2% (BAK 0.075%), brimonidine 0.2% (BAK 0.005%), and bimatoprost 0.03% (BAK 0.005%) showed toxicity levels comparable to the preservative (p>0.05), as did the formulation of travoprost 0.004% (BAK 0.015%). The latanoprost 0.005% nanoemulsion (potassium sorbate 0.18%) was the only formulation that was less cytotoxic than BAK 0.01% (p<0.001).
Conclusion
These results underscore the importance of considering the entire formulation when selecting a chronic treatment. BAK-free latanoprost nanoemulsion was the only formulation that did not affect cell viability, highlighting its favourable safety profile.
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