Dilemas bioéticos no transplante de córnea: sua importância no México e no mundo em 2021
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70313/2718.7446.v15.n2.141Palavras-chave:
trasplante, córnea, bioética, MéxicoResumo
Dilemas bioéticos no transplante de córnea são um tema muito interessante e merecedor de análise, pois este é o tecido mais transplantado no mundo. Estatísticas internacionais indicam que para cada 70 pacientes que precisam de uma córnea, apenas um está disponível para transplante. O primeiro transplante de córnea do mundo foi feito em 1906, ou seja, há pouco mais de 100 anos. Em 2018, nos Estados Unidos, as listas de espera por etnia racial eram: 42% brancos, 29% afro-americanos, 19% hispânicos e latinos e 10% asiáticos. A desinformação documentada em todo o mundo sobre o transplante de córnea em estudantes, pacientes e funcionários permite uma visão clara da necessidade que existe nesse sentido. O objetivo é relatar os dilemas bioéticos em relação ao transplante de córnea e sua importância no México e no mundo em 2021. Foi documentado que o altruísmo e a doação por si só não são suficientes para gerar uma mudança importante diante do problema crescente. É preciso mais participação, transparência e compromisso.
Downloads
Referências
1. Córdoba A, Mejía LF, Mannis MJ et al. Current global bioethical dilemmas in corneal transplantation. Cornea 2020; 39: 529-533.
2. Beauchamp T, Childress J. Principles of biomedical ethics: marking its fortieth anniversary. Am J Bioeth 2019; 19: 9-12.
3. The Declaration of Istanbul on organ trafficking and transplant tourism. Istanbul Summit April 30-May 2, 2008. Neprol Dial Transplant 2008; 23: 3375-3780.
4. Machin H, Arslan J, Baird PN. Examining the impact of corneal tissue transnational activity, and transplantation, on import and export nations: a review of the literature. Cornea 2020; 39: 795-800.
5. Starzl T, Teperman L, Sutherland D et al. Transplant tourism and unregulated black-market trafficking of organs. Am J Transplant 2009; 9: 1484.
6. Akoh JA. Key issues in transplant tourism. World J Transplant 2012; 24: 9-18.
7. Martin DE, Kelly R, Jones GLA et al. Ethical issues in transnational eye banking. Cornea 2017; 36: 252-257.
8. Gupta N, Vashist P, Ganger A et al. Eye donation and eye banking in India. Natl Med J India 2018; 31: 283-286.
9. Sleeboom-Faulkner M. "(East) Asia" as a platform for debate: grouping and bioethics. Kennedy Inst Ethics J 2016; 26: 277-301.
10. Nie JB, Fitzgerald RP. Connecting the East and the West, the local and the universal: the methodological elements of a transcultural approach to bioethics. Kennedy Inst Ethics J 2016; 26: 219-247.
11. Tan Kiak Min M. Beyond a Western bioethics in Asia and its implication on autonomy. New Bioeth 2017; 23: 154-164.
12. Renzong Q. Bioethics: a search for moral diversity. East Mediterr Health J 2006; 12 Supl. 1: S21-S29.
13. Zirm EK. Eine erfolgreiche totale Keratoplastik (A successful total keratoplasty) 1906. Refract Corneal Surg 1989; 5: 258-261.
14. Coster DJ. History of corneal transplantation in Australia. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2015; 43: 268-276.
15. Al-Labadi L, Gammoh Y, Shehada R et al. University students' knowledge of corneal donation and willingness to donate corneas in the occupied Palestinian territory: a cross-sectional study. Lancet 2018; 391: Supl. 2: S22.
16. Lawlor M, Kerridge I, Ankeny R et al. Specific unwillingness to donate eyes: the impact of disfigurement, knowledge and procurement on corneal donation. Am J Transplant 2010; 10: 657-663.
17. Haddad MF, Khabour OF, Alzoubi KH, Bakkar MM. Public attitudes toward corneal donation in Northern Jordan. Clin Ophthalmol 2018; 12: 1973-1980.
18. Ahmad S, Vong G, Pentz RD, Dixon M, Davis KW, Khalifa YM. Ethics in eye banking: understanding professional attitudes toward industry changes. Cornea 2020; 39: 1207-1214.
19. Gain P, Jullienne R, He Z et al. global survey of corneal transplantation and eye banking. JAMA Ophthalmol 2016; 134: 167-173.
20. Sikder S, Melles GRJ. Reflections on the Barcelona principles-planning for the future. Cornea 2019; 38: e8.
21. Patil R, Prasath ER, Boratne A et al. Status of eye donation awareness and its associated factors among adults in rural pondicherry. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9: LC01-LC04.
22. Lee L. The ethics of organ donation in patients who lack the capacity for decision making. Creat Nurs 2018; 24: 186-190.
23. Behaegel J, Ní Dhubhghaill S, Draper H. Ethical issues in living-related corneal tissue transplantation. J Med Ethics 2019; 45: 430-434.
24. Sherwin T, Coster DJ, La Nauze J et al. Is directed donation misguided? Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2004; 32: 5-8.
25. Geissler A, Gerbeaux PR, Maitrejean C, Durand-Gasselin J. Cornea donation: evaluation of a training session to obtain consent by telephone. Transplant Proc 2005; 37: 4634-4636.
26. Wakeford RE, Stepney R. Obstacles to organ donation. Br J Surg 1989; 76: 435-439.
27. Tolle SW, Bennett WM, Hickam DH, Benson JA Jr. Responsibilities of primary physicians in organ donation. Ann Intern Med 1987; 106: 740-744.
28. Pereira Cruz GK, Ferreira Júnior MA, Pereira Frota O et al. Cornea donation process and tissue quality for transplantation. PLoS One 2021; 16: e0249927.
29. Paul NW, Caplan A, Shapiro ME et al. Human rights violations in organ procurement practice in China. BMC Med Ethics 2017; 18:11.
30. Starzl T, Teperman L, Sutherland D et al. Transplant tourism and unregulated black-market trafficking of organs. Am J Transplant 2009; 9: 1484.
31. Puente MA, Patnaik JL, Lynch AM et al. Association of federal regulations in the United States and Canada with potential corneal donation by men who have sex with men. JAMA Ophthalmol 2020; 138: 1143-1149.
32. Szkodny D, Wróblewska-Czajka E, Wyl?ga?a E. Knowledge and attitudes toward cornea donation among different social groups in Poland. J Clin Med 2021; 10: 5031.
33. Williams AM, Muir KW. Awareness and attitudes toward corneal donation: challenges and opportunities. Clin Ophthalmol 2018; 12: 1049-1059.
34. Moshirfar M, Odayar VS, McCabe SE, Ronquillo YC. Corneal donation: current guidelines and future direction. Clin Ophthalmol 2021; 15: 2963-2973.
35. Ronanki VR, Sheeladevi S, Ramachandran BP, Jalbert I. Awareness regarding eye donation among stakeholders in Srikakulam district in South India. BMC Ophthalmol 2014, 14: 25.
36. Joshi SD. Eye donation awareness among community people in Nepal. Transplantation 2010; 90: 557.
37. Bhandary S, Khanna R, Rao KA et al. Eye donation: awareness and willingness among attendants of patients at various clinics in Melaka, Malaysia. Indian J Ophthalmol 2011; 59: 41-45.
38. Krishnaiah S, Kovai V, Nutheti R et al. Awareness of eye donation in the rural population of India. Indian J Ophthalmol 2004; 52: 73-78.
39. Dandona L, Dandona R, Srinivas M et al. Blindness in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001; 42: 908-916.
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Secção
Licença
Direitos de Autor (c) 2022 Consejo Argentino de Oftalmología
Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-SemDerivações 4.0.
Con esta licencia no se permite un uso comercial de la obra original, ni la generación de obras derivadas. Las licencias Creative Commons permiten a los autores compartir y liberar sus obras en forma legal y segura.
Como Citar
