Consenso Latinoamericano de Lubricantes Oculares y Ojo Seco (LUBOS)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70313/2718.7446.v17.nS1Eng.383Keywords:
tear film, ocular surface, dry eye, artificial tears, ocular lubricants, consensus, Latin AmericaAbstract
The tear film has a complex composition allowing it fulfill multiple functions, such as optical, lubrication, immunological, endocrine, and neurotrophic, which are relevant for visual health. Alterations in its components, both in quality and quantity, will affect its homeostasis, also impacting the ocular surface, leading to a condition known as “dry eye”. Dry eye has a high global prevalence, which is further increasing due to environmental factors (mainly screen mainly) and the overall rise in life expectancy. Several products are available for its treatment, but lubricants, generally referred to as “artificial tears”, continue to be crucial. There is a wide variety of lubricant formulations with different indications, which, when used appropriately according to the type and severity of dry eye, allow for effective customized treatment. Considering the complexity and relevance of this issue, the Latin American Study Group on Lubricants and Dry Eye (LUBOS) was formed. This work represents a consensus with the aim of creating a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for dry eye, focused on the proper use of lubricants, providing practical guidance for general ophthalmologists.
Author Biographies
María Ximena Nuñez, Latin American Consensus on Ocular Lubricants and Dry Eye (LUBOS)
Alejandro Rodríguez García, Principal Investigator LUBOS 2023
Manuel Garza, Principal Investigator LUBOS 2023
José Alvaro Pereira Gomez, Principal Investigator LUBOS 2023
Alejandro Aguilar, Principal Investigator LUBOS 2023
Maria Alejandra Henríquez, Principal Investigator LUBOS 2023
María Mercedes Acevedo Velasco, Principal Investigator LUBOS 2023
Cristian Cartes-Indo, Panelist LUBOS 2023
Renato Ambrósio, Panelist LUBOS 2023
Dácio Carvalho Costa, Panelist LUBOS 2023
Juan Pablo Aparicio, Panelist LUBOS 2023
Sergio Felberg, Panelist LUBOS 2023
Guillermo Ávalos Gaxiola
Denis Fornazari de Oliveira, Panelist LUBOS 2023
Andrés Benatti, Panelist LUBOS 2023
Gustavo Galperin, Panelist LUBOS 2023
Claudia Blanco, Panelist LUBOS 2023
Ana Mercedes García Albisua, Panelist LUBOS 2023
Arturo Eduardo Grau Diez, Panelist LUBOS 2023
Luis Alberto Real Enderica, Panelist LUBOS 2023
Erick Hernández-Bogantes, Panelist LUBOS 2023
Valeria Sánchez-Huerta, Panelist LUBOS 2023
Juana María Londoño Ruiz, Panelist LUBOS 2023
Faride Waked Tanos, Panelist LUBOS 2023
Ernesto José Otero-Leongómez, Panelist LUBOS 2023
Florencia Valvecchia, Panelist LUBOS 2023
Claudia Palacio Pastrana, Panelist LUBOS 2023
Daniel Wasilewski, Panelist LUBOS 2023
Lisandro Matías Carnielli, Research Coordinator
Beatriz Eugenia Ossa López, Clinical Research Support Group
María Isabel Corrales Martínez, Clinical Research Support Group
Carlos Andrés Hernández-Tejada, Clinical Research Support Group
Rodrigo Martín Torres, Consultancy in Methodology and Scientific Writing
References
Nasa P, Jain R, Juneja D. Delphi methodology in healthcare research: how to decide its appro¬priateness. World J Methodol 2021; 11: 116-129.
Gattrell WT, Hungin AP, Price A et al. AC¬CORD guideline fot reporting consensus-based methods in biomedical research and clinical practice: a study protocol. Res Integr Peer Rev 2022, 7: 3.
Baker A, Young K, Potter J, Madan I. A re¬view of grading system for evidence-based guidelines produced by medical specialties. Clin Med (Lond) 2010; 10: 358-363.
Craig JP, Nelson JD, Azar DT et al. TFOS DEWS II report executive summary. Ocul Surf 2017; 15: 802-812.
Lemp MA. Report of the National Eye Insti¬tute/Industry workshop on clinical trials in dry eyes. CLAO J 1995; 21: 221-332.
The definition and classification of dry eye disease: report of the Definition and Classifi¬cation Subcommittee of the International Drye Eye Workshop (2007). Ocul Surf 2007; 5: 75-92.
Craig JP, Nichols KK, Akpek EK et al. TFOS DEWS II definition and classification report. Ocul Surf 2017; 15: 276-283.
Tsubota K, Yokoi N, Shimazaki J et al. New perspectives on dry eye definition and diagno¬sis: a consensus report by the Asia Dry Eye So¬ciety. Ocul Surf 2017; 15: 65-76.
Akpek EK, Amescua G, American Acade¬my of Ophthalmology Preferred Pactice Pattern Cornea and External Disease Panel et al. Dry eye syndrome Preferred Practice Pattern®. Oph¬thalmology 2019; 126: P286-P334.
Tsubota K, Pflugfelder SC, Liu Z et al. Defin¬ing dry eye from a clinical perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2020 4; 21: 9271.
Rodrigues-Garcia A, Babayan-Sosa A, Ramírez-Miranda A et al. A practical appoach to severity classification and treatment of dry eye disease: a proposal from the Mexican Dry Eye Disease Expert Panel. Clin Ophthalmol 2022; 16: 1331-1355.
Craig JP, Alves M, Wolffsohn JS et al. TFOS lifestyle report introduction: a lifestyle epidem¬ic-ocular surface disease. Ocul Surf 2023; 28: 304-309.
Pflugfelder SC. Antiinflammatory therapy for dry eye. Am J Ophthalmol 2004; 137: 337- 342.
Shimazaki J. Definition and diagnosis of dry eye 2006. Atarashii Ganka 2007; 24:181-184.
Hyon JY, Kim HM, Korean Corneal Disease Study Group et al. Korean guidelines for the di¬agnosis and management of dry eye: develop¬ment and validation of clinical efficacy. Korean J Ophthalmol 2014; 28: 197-206.
Liu, Z. The preliminary recommendations on the name and classification of dry eye. Chin J Eye Otolaryngol 2004; 3: 4-5.
The Chinese Corneal Society. The consen¬sus on clinical diagnosis and treatment of dry eye. Chin J Ophthalmol 2013; 49: 73-75.
Shimazaki J. Definition and diagnostic cri¬teria of dry eye disease: historical overview and future directions. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59: DES7-DES12.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary 2016. http:// www.merriam-webster.com
Kannan RJ, Das S, Shetty R et al. Tear pro¬teomics in dry eye disease. Indian J Ophthalmol 2003; 71: 1203-1214.
Jacson CJ, Gundersen KG, Tong L, Utheim TP. Dry eye disease and proteomics. Ocul Surf 2022; 24: 119-128.
Ohashi Y, Ishida R, Kojima T et al. Abnor¬mal protein profiles in tears with dry eye syn¬drome. Am J Ophthalmol 2003; 136: 291-299.
Pflugfelder SC, Jones D, Ji Z et al. Altered cy¬tokine balance in the tear fluid and conjunctiva of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome keratocon¬junctivitis sicca. Curr Eye Res 1999; 19: 201-211.
Enríquez-de-Salamanca A, Castellanos E, Stern ME et al. Tear cytokine and chemokine analysis and clinical correlations in evapora¬tive-type dry eye disease. Mol Vis 2010; 16: 862- 873.
Solomon A, Dursun D, Liu Z et al. Pro- and anti-inflammatory forms of interleukin-1 in the tear fluid and conjunctiva of patients with dry-eye disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001; 42: 2283-2292.
Yoon KC, Jeong IY, Park YG, Yang SY. Inter¬leukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in tears of patients with dry eye syndrome. Cor¬nea 2007; 26: 431-437.
Tishler M, Yaron I, Geyer O et al. Elevated tear interleukin-6 levels in patients with Sjögren syndrome. Ophthalmology 1998; 105: 2327- 2379.
Danjo Y, Lee M, Horimoto K, Hamano T. Oc¬ular surface damage and tear lactoferrin in dry eye syndrome. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1994; 72: 433-437.
Navone R, Lunardi C, Gerli R et al. Identifi¬cation of tear lipocalin as a novel autoantigen tar¬get in Sjögren’s syndrome. J Autoimmun 2005; 25: 229-234.
Yamada M, Mochizuki H, Kawai M et al. De¬creased tear lipocalin concentration in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction. Br J Ophthal¬mol 2005; 89: 803-805.
Schlegel I, De Goüyon Matignon de Pon¬tourade CMF, Lincke JB et al. The human ocu¬lar surface microbiome and its associations with the tear proteome in dry eye disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24: 14091.
Zhao H, Jumblatt JE, Wood TO, Jumblatt MM. Quantification of MUC5AC protein in hu¬man tears. Cornea 2001; 20: 873-877.
Virtanen T, Konttinen YT, Honkanen N et al. Tear fluid plasmin activity of dry eye patients with Sjögren’s syndrome. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 1997; 75: 137-141.
Aho VV, Nevalainen TJ, Saari KM. Group IIA phospholipase A2 content of basal, nonstimulated and reflex tears. Curr Eye Res 2002; 24: 224-227.
Chen D, Wei Y, Li X et al. sPLA2-IIa is an in¬flammatory mediator when the ocular surface is compromised. Exp Eye Res 2009; 88: 880-888.
Jung GT, Kim M, Song JS et al. Proteomic analysis of tears in dry eye disease: a prospective, double-blind multicenter study. Ocul Surf 2023; 29: 68-76.
Koduri MA, Prasad D, Pingali T et al. Optimi¬zation and evaluation of tear protein elution from Schirmer’s strips in dry eye disease. Indian J Oph¬thalmol 2023; 71: 1413-1419.
Peral A, Carracedo G, Acosta MC et al. In¬creased levels of diadenosine polyphosphates in dry eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006; 47: 4053- 4058.
Potvin R, Makari S, Rapuano CJ. Tear film os¬molarity and dry eye disease: a review of the liter¬ature. Clin Ophthalmol 2015; 9: 2039-2047.
Bron AJ, de Paiva CS, Chauhan SK et al. TFOS DEWS II pathophysiology report. Ocul Surf 2017; 15: 438-510.
Sheppard JD, Nichols KK. Dry eye disease associated with meibomian gland dysfunction: focus on tear film characteristics and the ther¬apeutic landscape. Ophthalmol Ther 2023; 12: 1397-1418.
Lam SM, Tong L, Reux B et al. Lipidom¬ic analysis of human tear fluid reveals struc¬ture-specific lipid alterations in dry eye sín¬drome. J Lipid Res 2014; 55: 299-306.
Barbosa EB, Tavares CM, da Silva DFL et al. Characterization of meibomian gland dysfunc¬tion in patients with rosacea. Arq Bras Oftal¬mol 2023; 86: 365-371.
Wang LX, Deng YP. Androgen and meibo¬mian gland dysfunction: from basic molecular biology to clinical applications. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14: 915-922.
Fischer FH, Wiederholt M. Human precor¬neal tear film pH measured by microelectrodes. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1982; 218: 168-170.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Consejo Argentino de Oftalmología
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Con esta licencia no se permite un uso comercial de la obra original, ni la generación de obras derivadas. Las licencias Creative Commons permiten a los autores compartir y liberar sus obras en forma legal y segura.
