Etiology and prevalence of neuro-ophthalmological and ophthalmological pupillary alterations at the Austral Pilar-Buenos Aires University Hospital
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70313/2718.7446.v17.n04.369Keywords:
pupillary alterations, anisocoria, mydriasis, miosisAbstract
Objective: To describe the main etiologies of pupillary disorders in patients who attended the Austral University Hospital in Pilar, Argentina, during the period from 2001 to 2023.
Methods: Retrospective, observational, and descriptive study. Medical records of patients with pupillary abnormalities were filtered, and the following diagnoses were included: anisocoria, mydriasis, and miosis. A total of 226 patients were included. Variables such as age, sex, reason for consultation, type of pupillary abnormality, etiology, duration of pupillary dysfunction, associated symptoms, comorbidities, imaging studies requested with their results, and treatments were collected.
Results: Among the pupillary defects, 92% (n=208) were due to anisocoria, 6% (n=13) to mydriasis, and 2% (n=5) to miosis. A total of 78 patients were classified in the group of mydriasis/miosis due to chemicals-insecticides-insect bites; 47 patients had physiological anisocoria; 28 patients had Adie’s pupil; 23 patients had an unidentified cause; 18 patients had ophthalmological causes; 4 patients had traumatic causes; and 3 patients had third cranial nerve palsy.
Conclusion: We must understand pupillary pathology in order to reach an accurate diagnosis, conduct a thorough history, perform light variation tests, and carry out complementary and neurological examinations. Visual prognosis is primarily determined by the underlying condition.
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