Prevalencia de miopía, exposición al aire libre y tiempo de pantalla en el ingreso a la universidad en el entorno urbano de Bahía Blanca

Adriana Cecilia Borelli; Ignacio Buffone; Ezequiel Jouglard; Ayelén Mérida; Walter Villalba; Rafael Iribarren

doi:10.70313/2718.7446.v17.n02.321

Autores

Adriana Cecilia Borelli Secretariat of Health of Bahía Blanca, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
Ignacio Buffone Secretariat of Health of Bahía Blanca, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
Ezequiel Jouglard National University of the South, Bahía Blanca. Argentina
Ayelén Mérida National University of the South, Bahía Blanca. Argentina
Walter Villalba National University of the South, Bahía Blanca. Argentina
Rafael Iribarren Doctors Iribarren Eye Consultants, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Retina Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70313/2718.7446.v17.n02.321

Palavras-chave:

miopia, ambiente, telas, leitura

Resumo

Objetivo: A miopia é uma das principais causas do uso de óculos em estudantes universitários. Os fatores que contribuem para o seu desenvolvimento são o tempo de tela, a leitura e a exposição ao ar livre. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência da miopia em estudantes universitários da cidade de Bahía Blanca e estabelecer se a exposição ao ar livre, o uso de telas e a leitura estão relacionados à miopia.

Material e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal. Foram incluídos alunos que ingressaram na universidade em 2022. Foi realizada uma triagem visual e preenchido um formulário para determinar a exposição ao ar livre, leitura e telas. Aqueles que não superaram o teste de acuidade visual foram encaminhados para exame oftalmológico. Calculou-se a prevalência de miopia e utilizou-se regressão logística binária para determinar a associação dos fatores de exposição.

Resultados: No total, 413 universitários foram avaliados com testes de acuidade visual. Compareceram para diagnóstico 115 alunos que não passaram no teste de acuidade visual, onde 95 apresentavam miopia. A prevalência de miopia foi de 27,2% (IC 95%=22,9-31,5%). O OR para exposição ao ar livre foi menor que 1, enquanto para telas e leitura foi maior que 1, embora os resultados não tenham sido estatisticamente significativos.

Conclusões: Foi demonstrada uma prevalência moderada de miopia. A exposição ao ar livre foi alta em comparação com outros estudos. Nenhuma associação de miopia com fatores de exposição foi encontrada.

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