Inyecciones intravítreas, degeneración macular asociada a la edad e hipertensión ocular

Jorge Sánchez-Monroy; Inés Munuera Rufas

doi:10.70313/2718.7446.v15.n04.186

Autores/as

Jorge Sánchez-Monroy Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, España
Inés Munuera Rufas Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, España

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70313/2718.7446.v15.n04.186

Palabras clave:

degeneración macular asociada a la edad, glaucoma, antiangiogénicos, anti-VEGF, inyecciones intravítreas

Resumen

La edad es un factor de riesgo para desarrollar glaucoma y también degeneración macular asociada a la edad (DMAE). La DMAE se trata con fármacos llamados antiangiogénicos (anti-VEGF) que se administran mediante inyecciones intravítreas en esquemas terapéuticos que requieren que ese acto sea repetitivo en el tiempo. La administración de tratamientos intravítreos se ha asociado a la producción de un pico hipertensivo que podrá ser agudo y transitorio, aunque a veces ocasionará un aumento de la presión intraocular sostenida y crónica. Un corto intervalo entre inyecciones (< de 8 semanas), una elevada cantidad de inyección (más de 7 al año), pacientes con cámara estrecha, fáquicos y con diagnóstico previo de glaucoma, son los principales factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de una elevación sostenida de la PIO tras el tratamiento intravítreo con antiangiogénicos. Por lo tanto, en esta revisión se ha evaluado la evidencia científica publicada respecto de la relación existente entre la administración de antiangiogénicos intravítreos y la elevación de la presión intraocular, tanto a corto como a largo plazo. Finalmente, se resalta la importancia de identificar a los pacientes con alto riesgo de desarrollar hipertensión ocular tras el uso de inyecciones intravítreas y la necesidad de adoptar medidas que reduzcan tal riesgo, como la administración de hipotensores tópicos antes de la inyección.

Palabras clave: degeneración macular asociada a la edad, glaucoma, antiangiogénicos, anti-VEGF, inyecciones intravítreas.

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