Impact of systemic arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus on choroidal thickness and retinal microvasculature using optical coherence tomography
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70313/2718.7446.v16.n03.241Keywords:
choroid, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, optical coherence tomography, OCT-AAbstract
Purpose: To determine if there is a relationship of choroidal thickness and superficial vascularization of the retina, with diagnosis of diabetes mellitus or systemic arterial hypertension using EDI-OCT and OCT-A.
Methods: Observational, prospective and analytical cross-sectional study of healthy patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and/or systemic arterial hypertension. Patients underwent in their ophtalmological examination an EDI-OCT to measure choroidal thickness and OCT-A to evaluate retinal perfusion and vascularization. Results: 168 patients aged 52.48 ± 13.6 years were evaluated, of which 57% (96) were healthy, 40% (67) were diabetic and 19% (32) had diabetes mellitus and associated systemic arterial hypertension. The older the patient is, the less choroidal thickness 257.70 ± 59.43 μm (p<0.001). The subfoveal choroidal thickness was 246.58 ± 55.74 μm in diabetes (p=0.02), nasal choroidal thickness 233.22 ± 54.77 μm (p=0.02), temporal choroidal thickness 237.24 ± 57.55 μm (p=0.02). When analyzing OCT-A, the peripheral vascular density in healthy patients was 20.99 ± 2.25 mm2, in diabetes 19.60 ± 2.17 mm2 (p<0.001) and with diabetic retinopathy 18.95 ± 2.24 mm2 (p<0.001). Total vessel density in healthy subjects was 19.74 ± 2.24 mm2 (p<0.001) and for the diabetes mellitus group 18.37 ± 2.16 mm2 (p<0.001). In foveal avascular zone there were no significant differences in the different groups.
Conclusion: Choroidal thickness not only was thinner in older patients, but also in those with diabetes or hypertension and with both pathologies at the time. Retinal vascular density and perfusion were lower in diabetic patients, with diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema.
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