Conservantes em formulações oftálmicas
revisão narrativa sobre mitos, verdades e novidades
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70313/2718.7446.v17.n01.283Palavras-chave:
conservantes oftálmicos, sem conservantes, conservantes suaves, superfície ocular, glaucoma, olho seco, qualidade de vida, miopia, presbiopiaResumo
Com o envelhecimento e o aumento da esperança de vida, as pessoas têm maior probabilidade de desenvolver patologias crónicas como glaucoma, olho seco e quadros de hipersensibilidade reativa. Da mesma forma, estas patologias requerem tratamentos oftalmológicos tópicos de longa duração que podem conter conservantes. Os conservantes em formulações oftálmicas cumprem a função principal de preservar o medicamento e prevenir sua contaminação para que possa ser utilizado com segurança até o prazo de validade. A utilização de conservantes por curtos períodos, pode ser benéfica, por exemplo, facilitando os aspectos farmacocinéticos dos antibióticos graças à sua potencial toxicidade epitelial. Mas em tratamentos prolongados está comprovado que os conservantes causam toxicidade na superfície ocular que depende da sua concentração, da frequência de instilação e do tempo total de uso. Isto tem sido observado principalmente no glaucoma e na doença do olho seco, afetando a qualidade de vida do paciente, a adesão terapêutica e os resultados esperados. Ao mesmo tempo, começa também a ser relevante dada a crescente popularidade do tratamento farmacológico da presbiopia e da miopia (na população pediátrica), que na maioria dos casos tende a ser prolongado.
Portanto, estão sendo desenvolvidas novas opções de conservantes mais suaves e amigáveis à superfície ocular, bem como estratégias inovadoras para evitar completamente o uso de conservantes. Neste trabalho o tema foi revisado e atualizado, destacando a importância de considerar e identificar a presença e/ou variedade de conservantes em tratamentos prolongados.
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