Prevalence and types of glaucoma in Bolivia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70313/2718.7446.v17.n01.289Keywords:
glaucoma, glaucoma subtypes, prevalence, BoliviaAbstract
Objective: To describe the frequency and distribution of the different types of glaucoma affecting the Bolivian population.
Methods: Epidemiological, retrospective study, which included patients with glaucoma seen in 5 centers in the 3 main cities of Bolivia (La Paz, Cochabamba and Santa Cruz) during a period of 9 months (January to September 2019). All patients with a diagnosis of glaucoma were included, taking data on age, gender and type of glaucoma. The results were analyzed to determine the prevalence of the different types of glaucoma, and association with respect to gender, age and geographic distribution.
Results: 884 patients with glaucoma were detected: 478 with open angle diagnosis (53.88%), 216 with narrow or occludable angle (24.35%), 150 with angle-closure diagnosis (16.91%), and 40 patients with other types (congenital, traumatic, uveitic, etc) of glaucoma (4.84%). Of the total number of cases, 118 (13.3%) had capsular pseudoexfoliation. In all types of glaucoma, female sex predominated with a total of 589 cases (66.6%) versus 295 (33.4%) male cases.
Conclusions: In Bolivia, the ratio between open versus closed angle glaucomas has been 1.3, being similar to statistics from Asian countries. This marks a change in the way Bolivian ophthalmologists should detect and treat glaucoma, giving special attention to gonioscopy and subacute symptoms of angle closure crisis.
References
Quigley HA, Broman AT. The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020. Br J Ophthalmol 2006; 90: 262-267.
Ngo CSF, Aquino MC, Noor S et al. A prospective comparison of chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma versus primary open-angle glaucoma in Singapore. Singapore Med J 2013; 54: 140-145.
Tham YC, Li X, Wong TY et al. Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology 2014; 121: 2081-2090.
Sun X, Dai Y, Chen Y et al. Primary angle closure glaucoma: what we know and what we don’t know. Prog Retin Eye Res 2017; 57: 26-45.
Chiu SL, Chu CL, Muo CH et al. The prevalence and the incidence of diagnosed open-angle glaucoma and diagnosed angle-closure glaucoma: changes from 2001 to 2010. J Glaucoma 2016; 25: e514-e519.
Kapetanakis VV, Chan MPY, Foster PJ et al. Global variations and time trends in the prevalence of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Ophthalmol 2016; 100: 86-93.
Williams AM, Huang W, Muir KW et al. Identifying risk factors for blindness from primary open-angle glaucoma by race: a case-control study. Clin Ophthalmol 2018; 12: 377-383.
Baskaran M, Foo RC, Cheng CY et al. The prevalence and types of glaucoma in an urban chinese population: the Singapore Chinese Eye Study. JAMA Ophthalmol 2015; 133: 874-880.
Wiggs JL, Pasquale LR. Genetics of glaucoma. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26: R21-R27.
Varma R, Ying-Lai M, Los Angeles Latino Eye Study Group et al. Prevalence of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension in Latinos: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study. Ophthalmology 2004; 111: 1439-1448.
Gupta P, Zhao D, Guallar E et al. Prevalence of glaucoma in the United States: the 2005-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 57: 2905-2913.
Park HL, Hong KE, Park CK. Impact of age and myopia on the rate of visual field progression in glaucoma patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95: e3500.
Vajaranant TS, Nayak S, Wilensky JT, Joslin CE. Gender and glaucoma: what we know and what we need to know. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2010; 21: 91-99.
Nuzzi R, Scalabrin S, Becco A, Panzica G. Sex hormones and optic nerve disorders: a review. Front Neurosci 2019; 13: 57.
Gilbert-Lucido ME, García-Huerta M, Ruiz-Quintero N et al. Estudio epidemiológico de glaucoma en población mexicana. Rev Mex Oftalmol 2010; 84: 86-90.
Rueda JC, Lesmes DP, Parra JC et al. Valores de paquimetría en personas sanas y con glaucoma en una población colombiana. Rev MedUNAB 2007; 10: 81-85.
Viaña-Pérez JM, Pongo-Águila L, Castro-Palomino H, Corbera-Gonzalo JC. Incidencia del glaucoma en la región Grau. Rev Peruana Oftalmol 1995; 19: 23-25.
Barría von Bischoffshausen F. Epidemiología del glaucoma. Arch Chil Oftalmol 1997; 54: 11-14.
Palma-Rivera C, Maldonado CR, Alvarado-Alvarado D, Chiesa-Bahady M. Prevalencia del glaucoma crónico simple en Honduras durante el período julio de 1999 a octubre del 2001. Rev Med Post UNAH 2002; 7: 56-60.
Céspedes-Oporto VH. Causas de discapacidad visual en campaña de prevención de ceguera, Fundación Boliviana de Oftalmología 2012. Rev Med Cient Luz Vida 2012; 3: 27-30.
Santos A, Paczka JA. Principales causas de ceguera en México. Invest Salud 1999; 1: 1-9.
Aguilera-Ruiz KJ, Paczka-Zapata JA, Giorgi-Sandoval LA et al. Búsqueda clínica de incidencia y factores asociados a la ceguera en la zona metropolitana de Guadalajara. Arch Ciencia 2013; 5 (supl.): 157.
Furtado JM, Lansingh VC, Carter MJ et al. Causes of blindness and visual impairment in Latin America. Surv Ophthalmol 2012; 57: 149-177.
Quigley HA, West SK, Rodriguez J et al. The prevalence of glaucoma in a population-based study of Hispanic subjects: proyecto VER. Arch Ophthalmol 2001; 119: 1819-1826.
Sakata K, Sakata LM, Sakata VM et al. Prevalence of glaucoma in a South Brazilian population: projeto Glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007; 48: 4974-4979.
Ringvold A. Epidemiology of the pseudo-exfoliation syndrome. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 1999; 77: 371-375.
Olawoye OO, Pasquale LR, Ritch R. Exfoliation syndrome in sub-Saharan Africa. Int Ophthalmol 2014; 34: 1165-1173.
Benítez del Castillo Sánchez J, Morión-Grande M, Marco-García MC, Parrón-Carreño T. Epidemiology of pseudoexfoliation syndrome: demystifying legends and looking to the future. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2015; 90: 455-457.
Rao V, Doctor M, Rao G. Prevalence and prognosis of pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in Western India. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2015; 4: 121-127.
Song P, Wang J, Bucan K et al. National and subnational prevalence and burden of glaucoma in China: a systematic analysis. J Glob Health 2017; 7: 020705.
Zanutigh V, Perrone LD, Gómez-Caride G et al. Success rate in micropulse diode laser treatment with regard to lens status, refractive errors, and glaucoma subtypes. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43: 2407-2417.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Consejo Argentino de Oftalmología
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Con esta licencia no se permite un uso comercial de la obra original, ni la generación de obras derivadas. Las licencias Creative Commons permiten a los autores compartir y liberar sus obras en forma legal y segura.
